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24考研题源外刊阅读《卫报》双语精读版训练–超50万劳动力外流，英国经济前景持续恶化
全文字数：1951字
阅读时间：18分钟
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今天这篇文章略长，耐心看哦～
——大橙子留
上期翻译答案
The House of Lords economic affairs committee said the sharp rise in economic inactivity – when working-age adults are neither in employment nor looking for a job – since the onset of the health emergencywas posing“serious challenges” to the economy.
英国上议院经济事务委员会表示，自健康危机事件爆发以来，处于劳动年龄的成年人既没有工作，也没在找工作，无经济活动人口急剧上升，给经济构成“严重挑战”。
。。。英国上议院经济事务委员会表示，自健康危机事件爆发以来，无经济活动人口（处于劳动年龄但既没有工作，也没在找工作的成年人）急剧上升给经济构成了“严重挑战”，。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
The aviation industry is a usefulaltimeterfor the lingering impact of covid-19. Air travel ground almost to a halt in 2020, as virus-induced restrictions kept people at home. Since then it hasclawed its way upwardsas lockdowns have eased and travellers who had been denied holidays, visits to loved ones and business trips have gradually returned to the air. Capacity, measured by available seats, is set to end 2022 at around 4.7bn, according to OAG, a consultancy. Although that remains down by 12% on 2019, before the pandemic struck, it is nearly a third higher than at the end of last year.
要看新冠肺炎挥之不去的影响有多大，航空业是个不错的指针。2020年，由于防疫限制，人们居家不出，航空旅行几乎停止。自那以后，随着封锁放松，那些先前无法度假、探亲和出差的旅行者逐渐重返蓝天，航空业也在逐步爬升。根据咨询公司OAG的数据，到2022年底，航空运力将达到约47亿个座位数。尽管这仍旧比疫情来袭前的2019年低了12%，但比去年年底高出近三分之一。
Flying is not likely to hit pre-covid levels until 2024. Nevertheless, carriers’ confidence in the victory over the virus, and in the unshaken yearning for travel of the growing global middle-class, is evident in their longer-term plans. America’s United Airlines has recently placed a big order for new aircraft. Air India, a poorly run flag carrier acquired in early 2022 by Tata Group, a rather better-runconglomeratewith a turnaround plan, is rumoured to be close to ordering 500 planes from Europe’s Airbus and its American planemaking arch-rival, Boeing. Healthy demand for passenger jets means that both aerospace giants are planning to increase production in 2023, and get back to pre-pandemic levels within a couple of years.
在2024年之前，航空出行不太可能达到疫情前的水平。然而，从航空公司的长期计划中可以清楚地看出，它们相信病毒可以被战胜，也相信不断壮大的全球中产阶级不可动摇的出游渴望。美联航最近下了一笔购买新飞机的大订单。经营不善的国家航空公司印度航空于2022年初被经营尚好且有重振计划的企业集团塔塔集团收购。有传言称印度航空将向欧洲的空客及其美国飞机制造劲敌波音订购500架飞机。鉴于对客机的需求如此可观，这两家航空巨头都计划在2023年增加产量，并在两三年内恢复到疫情之前的水平。
Aircraft sales will get an extra boost from deep-pocketed newcomers. As part of its attempts to diversify its economy away from oil, Saudi Arabiais poised tolaunch a new national airline, RIA, to compete withincumbentGulf carriers: Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways. The kingdom hopes to raise $100bn, including from its sovereign-wealth fund, for aviation. It is planning to build one of the world’s biggest airports, in Jeddah, to serve 120m domestic and connecting passengers by 2030.
资金雄厚的新来者将进一步推动飞机销售。作为使自身经济从石油转向多元化努力的一部分，沙特阿拉伯准备推出一家新的国家航空公司RIA，与阿联酋航空、阿提哈德航空和卡塔尔航空这些老牌海湾航空公司竞争。沙特希望能从其主权财富基金及其他途径为航空业筹集1000亿美元。它计划在吉达建造世界上最大的机场之一，到2030年前为1.2亿国内和中转旅客提供服务。
For such grand schemes to work, international travel must rebound in Asia. There, too, the news is encouraging. The recent loosening of covid restrictions in China, the region’s dominant aviation market, led to a 30% jump in domestic capacity in a matter of days. International flights to and from China are stuck at less than 5% of levels from 2019, so 2023 won’t break records. But if Chinese are allowed to restart foreign travel, 2024 could be the most profitable year yet for China’s airlines, reckons John Grant of OAG.
要想让这些宏伟的计划奏效，亚洲的国际旅游就必须反弹。这方面的消息也令人鼓舞。该地区主要航空市场中国近期放松了防疫限制，导致国内运力在几天内激增30%。进出中国的国际航班量停留在不到2019年水平的5%，因此2023年并不会打破记录。但是OAG的约翰·格兰特认为，如果中国人获准重新开始出境游，2024年可能是中国的航空公司最赚钱的一年。
American and European carriers, responsible for the bulk of the industry’s profits in recent years, may get there sooner. They have exploited passengers’rush toget back in the air and used canny management of capacity to keep ticket prices high. Some are already making money again. After three awful years, when airlines worldwide suffered a combined cumulative net loss of $187bn, the winners will propel the global industry to a profit of $4.7bn in 2023, forecasts IATA, a trade body.
美国和欧洲的航空公司近年来为该行业贡献了大部分利润，它们可能会更早回到疫情前的水平。他们利用乘客迫不及待重新飞行的心理，并通过精明的运力管理来保持高票价。有些公司已经重新开始盈利了。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）
发布时间：2023.1.3
作者：Business
原文标题：Airlines are closing in on their pre-covid heights
词汇积累
1.altimeter
英/ ˈæltɪmiːtə(r) /美/ ælˈtɪmətər /
n.测高仪，高度计
2.conglomerate
英/ kənˈɡlɒmərət /美/ kənˈɡlɑːmərət /
n.聚集物，合成物；大型联合企业，大型企业集团；砾岩
adj.（与）聚集物（或混合体）（有关）的；聚合物的；成团的；砾岩性的
v.聚结，聚集；组成联合大企业，组成企业集团
3.incumbent
英/ ɪnˈkʌmbənt /美/ ɪnˈkʌmbənt /
adj.在职的，现任的；职责所在的，义不容辞的；（公司）占市场份额大的
n.在职者，现任官员；教区牧师，领圣俸者
词组搭配
1.claw one’s way upward/back/into/out of/to sth 努力逐步获得；艰难地移动
2.be poised to 信誓旦旦；准备就绪；随时准备着
3.rush to 将……匆匆送往；匆匆到……，火速赶往……；急着做……
写作句总结
原句：For such grand schemes to work, international travel must rebound in Asia.
结构：For such grand schemes to work, international travel must rebound in Asia.
例句：For such schemes to work, team leader must take the initiative to make it happen.
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