考研英语外刊，考研英语外刊来源
今天是小芳老师陪你精读外刊的第14天
读前想想，下面内容用英语怎么说？
1. 拘留中心 2. 立法机关 3. 非盈利性组织 4. 无记名投票
第一步：泛读原文（盲听1遍，泛读1遍，对照文本听1遍）
Tuesday, November 8 is Election Day in the United States. This year, American voters will be taking part in what is known as midterm elections. The elections are called this because they happen nearly two years – or about the middle point – into the term of the U.S. president. Members of the U.S. House of Representatives are elected every two years. So in the midterms, all 435 House seats are decided. In addition, every two years one third of U.S. Senate members are either elected or leave their seats at the end of the term.
American voters will also be choosing governors, state lawmakers and local officials. The election results will decide which party controls Congress, as well as state offices and legislatures. In order to vote in federal and state elections, a person must be a U.S. citizen and be at least 18 years of age. The person also has to meet the state residency requirements. In every state except North Dakota, people must also register to become voters.
This year, more than 80 million Americans will have the chance to vote in a language other than English. That is because U.S. federal law guarantees that certain groups of people can receive language assistance in the voting process. Gabe Osterhout is a researcher at the Idaho Policy Institute at Boise State University. He said, “The idea was to take groups that were historically exclu：ded from the electoral process, and the mission was to make it more accessible for some of those groups.”
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law to protect the right to vote for African Americans mainly in the South. The act was expanded in 1975 to include certain language minorities. These included Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Latinos and Asian Americans.
Jim Tucker is a lawyer with the Voting Rights Project at the nonprofit Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. He noted that for citizens with limited knowledge of English, voting information can be “a barrier to the ability to participate.” Every five years, the U.S. Census Bureau chooses which minority language groups will receive help with information in their native language. That decision is based on whether more than 5 percent of eligible voters in an area speak limited English, or if there are more than 10,000 eligible voters in an area with limited English ability.
Local elections officials are then required to offer voting materials, including ballots, in that second language. In December 2021, the U.S. Census identified 331 areas that meet the requirements ahead of the 2022 midterm elections. Most of the covered areas, called jurisdictions, are in three states, California, Florida and Texas. Those states must provide Spanish-language voting materials in every statewide election.
Registration and voting data from November 1996 and 2000 found evidence that the addition of a second language has “positive effects on the voting rates of covered linguistic minorities.” The research was carried out by professors Michael Jones-Correa and Israel Waismel-Manor. It found that voter turnout among Latinos was 11 percent higher in areas covered by the language requirements than in those that did not provide materials and assistance in Spanish.
The professors also found that voter registration among Latinos was 15 percent higher in areas that provided language assistance than those that did not. Tucker observed large participation increases in all four groups covered under the language requirements. These include American Indians, Alaska Natives, Latino or Spanish-speaking voters, and Asian Americans who speak Asian languages since 1975. The Voting Rights Act was supposed to end by 1970, but it has been extended five times.The last extension, for 25 years, came in 2006.
第二步：精读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍，精读1遍）
读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍）
01
Tuesday, November 8 isElection Dayin the United States. This year, Americanvoterswill be taking part in what is known asmidterm elections. The elections are called this because they happen nearly two years – or about the middle point – into the term of the U.S. president. Members ofthe U.S. House of Representativesare elected every two years. So in the midterms, all 435 House seats are decided. In addition, every two years one third of U.S.Senatemembers are either elected or leave their seats at the end of the term.
1.Election Day选举日，美国的选举日是法定的普选公职官员的日子，通常发生在十一月第一个周一后的周二。
2.voter n.选举人；投票人
3.midterm election:A midterm election refers to a type of election where the people can elect their representatives in the middle of the term of the executive or of another set of members.
3.the U.S. House of Representatives美国的众议院议员
4.Senate n.参议院
背景知识：美国中期选举主要是选全部的国会众议员，三分之一的参议员和部分州长以及大批地方议员和官员。国会共有435名众议员，任期两年；100名参议员，任期六年，100个席位分成三个“班”，每两年有一个班的席位参与选举。因为总统四年一选，国会两年一选，所以总统选举年，国会也在选举，而总统任期的一半时，国会又进行选举，这就是中期选举。中期选举的最大看点，是看谁能获得国会多数席位，控制议会。
翻译：
11月8日星期二是美国的选举日。今年，美国选民将参加所谓的中期选举。之所以被称为中期选举，是因为它们发生在美国总统任期近两年——或者说大约中间点——的时候。美国的众议院议员每两年选举一次。因此，在中期选举中，所有435个众议院席位都将确定。此外，每两年就有三分之一的美国参议院议员当选或在任期结束时离任。
02
American voters will also be choosing governors, state lawmakers and local officials. The election results will decide which party controls Congress, as well as state offices andlegislatures. In order to vote in federal and state elections, a person must be a U.S. citizen and be at least 18 years of age. The person also has tomeetthe stateresidencyrequirements. In every state except North Dakota, people must alsoregisterto become voters.
1.legislature:a group of people who have the power to make and change laws立法机关
2.meet v.符合；满足
3.residency n.居住, resident 表示居民
4.register vt.注册
翻译：
美国选民还将选举州长、州议员和地方官员。选举结果将决定哪个政党控制国会、州政府办公室和立法机构。为了在联邦和州选举中投票，参选人必须是美国公民并且年满18岁。该人还必须符合州居留要求。除了北达科他州，在每个州，人们也必须登记才能成为选民。
03
This year, more than 80 million Americans will have the chance to vote in a languageother thanEnglish. That is because U.S. federal law guarantees that certain groups of people can receive language assistance in the voting process. Gabe Osterhout is a researcher at the Idaho Policy Institute at Boise State University. He said, “The idea was to take groups that were historically excluded from the electoral process, and themissionwas to make it moreaccessiblefor some of those groups.”
1.other than:different from
2.mission: n.使命；任务, 曾经有个电影Mission Impossible碟中谍
3.accessible:a. 易到达的 ，易进入的，易够到的；易使用的，易得到的
翻译：
今年，超过8000万美国人将有机会用英语以外的语言投票。这是因为美国联邦法律保证某些群体可以在投票过程中获得语言帮助。加布·奥斯特胡特是博伊西州立大学爱达荷州政策研究所的研究员。他说：“我们的想法是将历史上被排除在选举进程之外的团体纳入其中，我们的使命是让其中一些团体更容易接触到这些团体。”
04
TheVoting Rights Actof 1965 was signed into law to protect the right to vote for African Americans mainly in the South. The act was expanded in 1975 to include certain languageminorities.These included Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Latinos and Asian Americans.
1.Voting Rights Act: 投票权法案（美国专为保证黑人等少数民族选举权的法案）
2.Act:法案；条令
3.minority:n.a small group of people or things within a much larger group 少数；少数群体反义词majority
词汇记忆方法：ity是名词后缀，那minor和major 分别加上ity表示名词。
翻译：
1965年的选举权法案被签署为法律，以保护主要在南方的非裔美国人的投票权。1975年，该法案扩大到包括某些少数语言群体。这些人包括美洲原住民、阿拉斯加原住民、拉美人和亚裔美国人。
05
Jim Tucker is a lawyer with the Voting Rights Project at thenonprofitLawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. He noted that for citizens withlimited knowledge of English, voting information can be “a barrier to the ability to participate.” Every five years, theU.S. Census Bureauchooses which minority language groups will receive help with information in their native language. That decision is based on whether more than 5 percent ofeligiblevoters in an area speak limited English, or if there are more than 10,000 eligible voters in an area with limited English ability.
1.nonprofit: 非营利的, e.g. an independent non-profit organization 独立的非营利机构
2.limited knowledge of English: 有限的知识
3.U.S. Census Bureau:美国人口普查局
4.eligible:合格的, 有资格当选的
翻译：
吉姆·塔克是非营利组织法律下民权律师委员会投票权项目的律师。他指出，对于英语知识有限的公民来说，投票信息可能是“参与能力的障碍”。每五年，美国人口普查局选择哪些少数民族语言群体将获得母语信息方面的帮助。这一决定取决于一个地区是否有5%以上的合格选民英语水平有限，或者该地区英语能力有限的合格选民是否超过10000名。
06
Local elections officials are then required to offer voting materials, includingballots, in that second language. In December 2021, the U.S. Census identified 331 areas that meet the requirements ahead of the 2022 midterm elections. Most of the covered areas, calledjurisdictions,are in three states, California, Florida and Texas. Those states must provide Spanish-language voting materials in every statewide election.
1.ballot:无记名投票 e.g. The union cannot call a strike unless it holds a ballot of members. 工会未经会员投票表决不得发动罢工。
2.jurisdiction:管辖权
翻译：
然后，地方选举官员被要求提供第二语言的投票材料，包括选票。2021年12月，美国在2022年中期选举之前，人口普查确定了331个符合要求的地区。大多数覆盖区域，称为司法管辖区，位于加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州这三个州。这些州必须在每一次全州选举中提供西班牙语投票材料。
07
Registration and voting data from November 1996 and 2000found evidence thatthe addition of a second language has “positive effects on the voting rates of covered linguistic minorities.” The research was carried out by professors Michael Jones-Correa and Israel Waismel-Manor. It found that voterturnoutamongLatinoswas 11 percent higher in areas covered by the language requirements than in those that did not provide materials and assistance in Spanish.
1. …found evidence that: 句型仿写 In a twelve-year program of work, they have found evidence that ants can transmit very complex messages. 在一项长达12年的研究中，他们发现了蚂蚁可以传递非常复杂信息的证据。
2.turnout: [singular] the number of people who vote in an election （选举的）投票人数，投票率；the number of people who go to a party, meeting or other organized event 出席人数，到场人数，参加人数
3.Latino: A Latin American living in the United States (生活在美国的)拉丁美洲人
翻译：
1996年11月和2000年11月的登记和投票数据表明，增加第二语言“对所涵盖的语言少数群体的投票率有积极影响”。这项研究是由迈克尔·琼斯-科雷亚教授和伊斯雷尔·韦斯梅尔·马诺教授进行的。调查发现，在语言要求覆盖的地区，拉美裔选民的投票率比那些没有提供西班牙语材料和援助的地区高出11%。
08
The professors also found that voter registration among Latinos was 15 percent higher in areas that provided language assistance than those that did not. Tucker observed largeparticipationincreases in all four groups covered under the language requirements. These include American Indians, Alaska Natives, Latino or Spanish-speaking voters, and Asian Americans who speak Asian languages since 1975. The Voting Rights Act was supposed to end by 1970, but it has beenextended five times. The lastextension, for 25 years, came in 2006.
1.participation: the act of taking part in an activity or event参加；参与，动词：participate
2.extend: to make sth longer or larger使伸长。名词：extension
翻译：
教授们还发现，在提供语言援助的地区，拉丁裔的选民登记人数比没有提供语言援助的地区高出15%。塔克注意到，在语言要求涵盖的所有四个群体中，参与者的数量都有大幅增加。这些人包括美国印第安人、阿拉斯加原住民、说拉丁语或西班牙语的选民，以及1975年以来说亚洲语言的亚裔美国人。投票权法案本应在1970年结束，但已经被延长了五次。上一次延期25年是在2006年。
第三步：回答问题（评论区回答问题）
Reading Questions：
1. When was the Election Day in the United States this year?
2. Which state does not require people to register to become voters?
3. When was the Voting Rights Act signed into law?
4. How many times has the Voting Rights Act been extended?
滑动查看答案
Q1
November 8.
Q2
North Dakota.
Q3
Q4
Five times
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检查一下，你学到了吗？
1. 中期选举 midterm election 2. 立法机关 legislature 3. 非盈利性组织 non-profit organization 4. 无记名投票 ballot
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考研英语外刊(考研英语外刊来源)
